// Get a single user
$user = User::find(1);

// Get an instance of User model with just the fields name and surname.
$user = User::find(1, ['name', 'surname']);

/*
=> App\User {
     name: "Michael",
     surname: "Red",
   }
*/

//  select all users with IDs 1-4 and to select only 'name' column?
User::find([1,2,3,4], ['name']);

// Get a single user, and throw a ModelNotFoundException exception if a model is not found.
$user = User::findOrFail(1);

// Get the collection item with the key = 'name'
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$value = $collection->get('name');
// taylor

// Default value

// Get the collection item with the key = 'name', 
// and return 34 as default value if the key don't exist.
$collection = collect(['name' => 'taylor', 'framework' => 'laravel']);
$value = $collection->get('age', 34);
// 34

// Store a new post
$post = new Post;
$post->title = 'New post title';
$post–>save();

/* 
 * Store a new comment, and relate it to the post 
 * setting also the comment's post_id.
*/
$comment = new Comment(['message' => 'A new comment.']);
$post = Post::find(1);
$post->comments()->save($comment);

// Update a post
$post = Post::find(1);
$post->title = 'Another post title';
$post–>save();

// Update a post (same result that same)
$post = Post::find(1);
$post->title = 'Another post title';
$post–>update();

// Mass update
// Set all the flyights to San Diego as delayed 
Flight::where('active', 1)
      ->where('destination', 'San Diego')
      ->update(['delayed' => 1]);

// Defined in the Comment model
// update the updated_at property of post when a comment is updated.
protected $touches = ['post'];

// Relationship defined in the user model
public function profile()
{
    return $this->hasOne(UserProfile::class);
}

// Collection of all users with their profiles
$users = User::with('profile')->get();

// Collection of all users with their profiles and their posts
$users = User::with('profile', 'posts')->get();

// Collection of all users and the comments they got to their posts.
$users = User::with('posts.comments')->get();

// Collection with all books 
$books = App\Book::all();

// Add to the each book of the collection it's authors and publishers
if ($someCondition) {
    $books–>load('author', 'publisher');
}

// Collection of all posts that have at least one comment
$posts = Post::has('comments')->get();

// Collection of all posts that have three or more comments
$posts = Post::has('comments', '>=', 3)->get();

// Retrieve posts that have at least one comment with images
$posts = Post::has('comments.images')->get();

// Collection of all the posts that have at least one comment or one like
$posts = Post::has('comments')->orHas('likes')->get();

/* 
 *  Collection of all the users with their profiles.
 *  Get just the one that in their profile data 
 *  have surname = 'Schulist'. 
 *  Load also their whole profile. (with)
 **/
$user = User::with('profile')
             ->whereHas('profile', function($q){
                  $q->where('surname', 'Schulist');
             })->get();

/* 
 *  Collection of all the users that have published 
 *  a post in the last 7 week.
 **/
$users = User::whereHas('posts', function($q){
    $q->where('created_at', '>=',Carbon\Carbon::now()->subDays(7));
})->get();

// Collection of all the users that made posts OR comments last 7 days.
$users = User::query()
    ->whereHas('posts', function ($q) {
        $q->where('created_at', '>=', Carbon\Carbon::now()->subDays(7));
    })
    ->orWhereHas('comments', function ($q) {
        $q->where('created_at', '>=', Carbon\Carbon::now()->subDays(7));
    })
    ->get();

// Collection of all the users, without being affected by the global scopes.
// if we have a global scope that hides the soft deleted users we will get also them.
User::withoutGlobalScopes()->get();

// Collection of all the users, without deleted and disabled users.
User::withoutGlobalScopes([
    DeletedUsers::class, 
    DisabledUsers::class,
])->get();

// Associate an account to the user
// If we are following the naming standard, set the value of account_id to 10.
$account = App\Account::find(10);
$user–>account()–>associate($account);
$user–>save();

// Remove the account from the user 
// If we are following the naming standard, set the value of account_id to null.
$user–>account()–>dissociate();
$user–>save();

// Attach a role to a user
$user = User::find(1);
$user–>roles()–>attach($roleId);

// Attach mutiple roles to a user
$user = User::find(1);
$user->roles()->attach([1, 2, 3]);

/* 
 *  Attach a role to a user
 *  In the user_roles pivot table set the attribute expires to true.
 **/
$user->roles()->attach($roleId, ['expires' => true]);

// Remove all the roles previously assigned and attach the one specified in the array
$user–>roles()–>sync([1, 2, 3]);

/* 
 *  Remove all the roles previously assigned and attach the three specified in the array
 *  In the user_roles pivot table set the attribute expires to true.
 **/
$user–>roles()–>sync([1 => ['expires' => true], 2, 3]);

// Sync without detaching existing IDs
$user–>roles()–>syncWithoutDetaching([1, 2, 3]);

/* 
 *  We want to record the status of each message if it has been delivered to the user or not.
 *  So we had defined a 'status' attribute in the pivot table  
 **/
 
$user = User::find(1);
$messageId = 2;
// Update the pivot table row with user_id=1 and message_id=2 setting the status attribute to 'sent'.
$user->messages()->updateExistingPivot($messageId, ['status' => 'sent']);

// Detach a single role from the user
$user–>roles()–>detach($roleId);

// Detach all roles from the user
$user–>roles()–>detach();